M2 LA1 TASK 3
TASK 3
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
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QUESTIONS
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1.
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1.
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Historically speaking, how do you see Eiffel and Borobudur?
The Eiffel Tower is an iron tower built on the Champ de Mars on the banks
of the River Seine in Paris. It can’t be denied that Eiffel is the tallest
building in Paris and one of the tallest structure in the world. Its name was
taken from the engineer, Gustave Eiffel, who made and designed it. It was
constructed in 1887–1889 as the entrance to the 1889 World's Fair. in fact, Eiffel planned
to build a tower in Barcelona, for the Universal Exhibition of 1888, but the
parties in charge at the City Hall of Barcelona considered it strange and
expensive, and did not match the city. After the rejection of the Barcelona
Plan, Eiffel sent his draft to the responsible party for the Universal
Exhibition in Paris, where he built his tower a year later. This tower
received a lot of criticism from the public, especially the art community in
Paris when it was built. They said that the construction of the tower
disturbed the eyes. Now, this tower has become one of the most popular
structure in the world.
Borobudur Temple is one of the Buddhist temples located in Magelang,
Central Java province. Borobudur Temple is located approximately 40 km
northwest of the city of Jogja. Borobudur Temple was built during the period
of adherents of Mahayana Buddhism, precisely around 750-800 AD. The history
of the establishment of Borobudur is also uncertain. The certain thing is the
Borobudur temple was built during the heyday of the Syailendra dynasty. The
temple is square, measuring 123 m x 123 m on the legs. Such a form of
building can be interpreted as a form of a mandala. The height of the
Borobudur Temple is 35.4 m. Vertically, Borobudur Temple consists of two
patterns, namely square steps and vertical patterns. According to the shape,
Borobudur Temple can be understood as a large stupa. In the Buddhist stupa is
the embodiment of the macrocosm which consists of three levels, namely
kamadatu, rupadatu, and arupadatu. Kamadatu is the lower realm, this part is
located at the bottom of Borobudur Temple which contains a karmawibangga
relief, which is a law of cause and effect, which is the result of human
actions. Arupadatu is the upper realm, namely the place of the gods. This
section is on the third level, including the main stupa above the top. How to
read the reliefs on the walls of Barobudur Temple in a clockwise direction.
As a worshiping temple, Borobudur has a relationship with Mendut Temple and
Pawon Temple. The three temples show the process of a religious ritual.
Initially religious rituals were held at Mendut Temple. Then preparations are
made at Pawon Temple and the peak of religious rituals is performed at
Borobudur Temple. From the statues and reliefs found on the walls and fences
of the temple shows that the Borobudur Temple is a building characterized by
Mahayana Buddhism. From the statues and reliefs, we can also see the
unification of the Mahayana and Tantrayana teachings. The reliefs depict
daily life in Java, such as how to dress, house, temple, hunting equipment,
daily necessities, and plants. In 1973 - 1983 the Indonesian Government and
UNESCO succeeded in carrying out a comprehensive renovation with the help of
experts from both the country and from various countries as well as workers
from the surrounding communities to save the Borobudur Temple from more
severe damage. This is done because when Van Erp did the restoration, he used
concrete which caused the formation of alkaline salt crystals and calcium
hydroxide which spread to all parts of the building and damaged the temple
stone. This project involved 600 people to restore the temple and spent a
total cost of 6,901,243 US dollars. After renovation, UNESCO then entered
Borobudur into the list of 'World Heritage Sites' in 1991. And until now,
Borobudur remains one of Indonesia's pride.
Based on the two texts above, we can conclude that the making of the
eiffel tower and Borobudur temple has the same purpose. people in those days
had the desire to develop the century in that era. They want to make an eye
sign and it is proven that we can still see them until now.
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2.
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2.
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Of the four key elements, which is the most influential element that can guarantee
the success of democracy?
I think that the most influential element that can guarantee the success
of democracy is a political system for choosing and replacing the government
through free and fair elections
because there are some benefits that can be got such as; the chosen regional
head is believed to have represented the majority of the people, the chosen
regional head has high legitimacy because it was produced by the Democratic
process involving the people so that it is more qualified than before, direct
elections have produced leaders such as Surabaya Mayor, Kupang Mayor, East
Java Governor, NTT Governor and Indonesia’s president. So by choosing and
replacing the government through free and fair elections, the citizens have
the right to elect the leader who they think can build their area. Or at
least the new leader can change the face of their area, so it won’t be left
by another areas.
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3.
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3.
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What are
the interests in the encyclopaedia relevant to Indonesian context?
I think
that the interests in the encyclopaedia relevant to Indonesian context are science
and technology encyclopedia because Indonesia is a developing country which
has many areas that have not been touched by technology. So it's very
important for us in this country to have books about technology. At least, if we have the book we can see and know the
latest technology.
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